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History
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The earlier roots of Jordan
as an independent state can
be traced back to The Kingdom
of Petra, which was founded
by The Nabataeans an ancient
Arabic Semitic people who invented
the North Arabic Script that
evolved into the Modern Arabic
script. The Nabataeans Kingdom
during its glory controlled
the world trade lines by dominating
a large area extended from the
whole of modern Jordan to the
south of Syria and the north
of the Arabian Peninsula. As
a result, Petra enjoyed prosperity,
wealth and independence hundreds
of years until it was occupied
by the emerging Roman empire.
Beside the Nabataeans, Jordan
witnessed many other smaller
ancient kingdoms including the
Kingdom of Edom, the Kingdom
of Ammon and the Kingdom of
Moab, all of which are mentioned
in the Bible as well as in many
other old scriptures. During
the Greco-Roman influence a
number of semi-independent city-states
also appeared in Jordan under
the umbrella of the Decapolis
including: Gerasa (Jerash),
Philadelphia (Amman), Raphana
(Abila), Dion (Capitolias),
Gadara (Umm Qays), and Pella
(Irbid). Later, Jordan became
part of the Arabic Islamic Empire
across its different Caliphates
stages including Rashidun Empire,
Umayyad Empire and Abbasid Empire.
After the decline of the Abbasid,
Jordan was ruled by several
conflicting powers including
the Mongols, the Crusades, the
Ayyubid and the Mamluk until
it became part of the Ottoman
Empire.
With the break-up of the Ottoman
Empire at the end of World War
I, the League of Nations and
the occupying powers chose to
redraw the borders of Southwest
Asia. The ensuing decisions,
most notably the Sykes–Picot
Agreement gave birth to the
French Mandate of Syria and
British Mandate of Palestine.
More than 70% of the British
Mandate of Palestine was east
of the Jordan river and was
known as "Transjordan".
Abdullah I continued to rule
until a Palestinian Arab assassinated
him in 1951 as he was departing
from the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
At first he ruled "Transjordan",
under British supervision until
after World War II. In 1946,
the British requested that the
United Nations approve an end
to British Mandate rule in Transjordan.
Following this approval, the
Jordanian Parliament proclaimed
King Abdullah as the first ruler
of the Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan.
In 1950, Jordan annexed the
area now called the West Bank
(also referred to by Israelis
after their occupation of the
territory in 1967 as Judea and
Samaria), which had been under
its control since the armistice
that followed the 1948 Arab-Israeli
war. This fulfilled a pact that
had been made between the Jordanian
king and the Jewish Agency,
whereby they didn't fight each
other in 1948 (except in Jerusalem),
but divided Palestine among
themselves instead of allowing
the independent Palestinian
state mandated by the United
Nations partition of Palestine.
In 1965, there was an exchange
of land between Saudi Arabia
and Jordan. Jordan gave up a
relatively large area of inland
desert in return for a small
piece of sea-shore near Aqaba.
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| TESTIMONIAL |
Rahul Sinha
Mumbai |
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"My recent trip to Jordan, was
simply awesome, 365 tours put together a plan never
offered by any body else. I was able to experience
local flavour thanks to the personal car and guide.
I have nothing but appreciation to the team 365."
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| Jordan |
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| Petra. One of
the New 7 wonders of the world. This quiz is about this
wonderful place |
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